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A model was constructed to represent the moment-generating characteristics
of cat neck muscles. This model consisted of four components: bone
geometry, muscle geometry, muscle force-generating parameters, and
joint kinematics. The surfaces of the skull, C1-C7, and T1 were
digitized from a single cat cadaver. Muscle paths of the rectus
capitis posterior major, complexus, biventer cervicis, occipitoscapularis,
and splenius capitis neck muscles were defined using bony landmarks
as references. The origin and insertion of each muscle were defined
as well as any intermediate points necessary to accurately represent
the muscle paths over a range of head-neck positions. Muscle architecture
was used to define the muscle force-generating parameters, and cinefloroscopic
data was used to measure the joint kinemetics. This model was used
together with experimental data to study the control of head movement. |
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Sagittal
view of the cat neck model. |
Keshner,
Statler, and Delp. "Kinematics of the freely moving head and neck
in the cat." Experimental Brain Research, 1997. (Download
PDF) |